Muslim scientist Abu Raihan al-Biruni

 Abu Raihan al-Biruni or Abu Raihan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (Persian: ابوریحان محمد بن احمد بیرونی) (963-1047), was a world-renowned Arabic scholar and researcher of the Middle Ages.  He was a very basic and deep thinker.  His full name is "Abu Raihan Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Al Biruni".  He is commonly known as al-Beruni because he lived outside the city.  It was located in Khiva, Russian Turkestan.  The city was near the capital of Khawarizim.  At present the city is lost in the river.  Now this place is called Al-Biruni city.  He was an expert in mathematics, astrophysics, chemistry and natural sciences.  He is also a geographer, historian, calendarist, philosopher and neutral analyst in medical science, linguistics and theology.  Recognized as the greatest of the age for independent thinking, open-mindedness, courage, fearless critics and correct opinions.  The last half of the fourth century AH and the first half of the fifth century AH are referred to as the period of Al-Beruni.  He was the first to draw the attention of Muslim scholars to the science of the East, especially the science of India.  "Al-Beruni is one of the best scholars in the world, not just in the Muslim world," said Professor Mapa.He studied mathematics under the tutelage of Abu Nas ibn Ali ibn Iraq Jilani and other scholars. During his studies he published some of his early works and exchanged letters with the eminent philosopher and physician Ibn Sina. Al-Biruni's mother tongue was Khawarizim regional Iranian.  Language. But he wrote his works in Arabic. He was very knowledgeable in Arabic. He also wrote some poems in Arabic. However, in the end he wrote some books in Persian or both Arabic and Persian. He also knew Greek. He also knew Hebrew and Syriac.  Was.

 He returned to his homeland in 1008 AD and was received with honors by Shah Abul Hasan Ali Ibn Mamun.  He received the patronage of his brother after the death of Ali ibn Mamun, and in addition to many delicate political activities, he was also engaged in royal missions.  Mamun was captured by Sultan Mahmud Khawarizm after he was killed by his army in 1017-18 AD. The mathematician Abu Nasser Mansur ibn Ali and the physician Abul Khair al-Husayn ibn Baba al-Khummar al-Bagh moved to Ghazni with his grandmother.  This is where the golden age of his knowledge began.  From then on, he was probably the royal astronomer at the Ghazni royal court.  He traveled to North-West India with Sultan Mahmud several times.  He remained in India for about 12 years under the patronage of the Sultan of Ghazni.  Here he learned Sanskrit and acquired a deep knowledge of Hinduism, Indian civilization and culture, customs, social customs, customs, superstitions, etc.  He also acquired knowledge of some regional languages ​​of India.  He wrote his world-famous book, Kitabul Tariqil-Hind, based on the knowledge and experience of this one era.

He himself mentions a total of 114 books by Al-Biruni.  Of these, 103 books have been completed and 10 incomplete books are mentioned.  Abu Naser Mansur 12, Abu Sahl al-Masihi 12, Abu Sahl al-Masihi 12, Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Jili have mentioned a book in his name.  As a result, the total number stands at 138.  After writing in the above magazine, he has written some more books.  From the information obtained from various sources, it appears that the total number of books written by him is 160.  These are different in terms of information, theory and range.  Some books, some research references and some large books, which contain a vast store of knowledge.A hall was named after Jahangirnagar University,Bangladesh.According to the European scholars, al-Biruni  was the encyclopedia, each of its books was the source of knowledge. Indian scholars told al-Biruni's sea. In any case, it is not possible to give the identity of these priceless books less. Sultan Mahmud died after a few days to return to Ghajni from India al-Biruni India. Then the son Sultan Mas'ud gathered on the throne in 1030 AD. He was on the throne till 1030-1041 AD. Sultan Mas'ud respected al-Biruni very much. Al-Brauna kept the name of the greatest texts as the name of Sultan, Kanun Masuudi and dedicated it in the name of Sultan. The vast book is completed in 11 volumes. By realizing the importance of the book, Sultan Mas'ud is very happy and gifts a quantity of an elephant silver scientific al-Biruni. But without taking it, he returned to all the silver and returned to all silver treasures. Commented, there is no need for so much money.

Kanun Masudi's subject:

Astronomy in the first and second volumes of the book, trigonometry in the third volume.  It has two lists.  The success he has had in trying to elevate trigonometry with astronomical discussions here is commendable.  At the request of Masood, he also prepared a book on the measurement of day and night in a language that could be understood by the common people in a very simple way.  Volume IV Spherical Astronomy;  In the fifth volume the moon, the size of the sun, the planets and the longitude;  The nature of the motion of the sun in the sixth volume;  The nature of the motion of the moon in the seventh volume;  The appearance and eclipse of the moon in the eighth volume;  The ninth volume deals with the five planets in the tenth volume and the eleventh astrology, and here he presents valuable meanings.

Al-Biruni contracted a serious illness at the age of 63.  Even after that he lived for 12 years.  He died on 13th December 1048 AD, 440 AH 2 Rajab at the age of 65 years.